On NixOS I got MATLAB running in an Ubuntu 22.04 Distrobox, though I had to install some libraries in the Distrobox.

• For Distrobox on NixOS see:
  • https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/208817
    • “No protocol specified” / can't open display
  • To setup Podman config files so you can download images from Docker Hub: https://beb.ninja/post/installing-podman/

— Jeffrey Fisher

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::runtime_error'
  what(): Unable to launch the MATLABWindow application
Aborted

Source: https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/540707-why-does-matlab-fail-to-install-with-a-std-runtime_error-what-unable-to-launch-the-matlabwind

• cd to your unzipped MATLAB installer folder
• Run ./bin/glnxa64/MATLABWindow to diagnose, it tells what library is missing.
• Ubuntu: apt install libgtk2.0-0 libnss3 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libasound2 libxt6 libxft2